Isingeniso selebhu ye-BTF Testing Chemistry
Umkhawulo Wokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Eziyingozi Eziyishumi
| igama lengqikithi | Umkhawulo | Izindlela Zokuhlola | testinstrument |
| Ukuhola (Pb) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321 | I-ICP-OES |
| I-Mercury (Hg) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321 | I-ICP-OES |
| I-Cadmium (Cd) | 100ppm | I-IEC 62321 | I-ICP-OES |
| I-Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321 | UV-VIS |
| I-Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321 | I-GC-MS |
| (PBDE)Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321 | I-GC-MS |
| I-Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321&EN 14372 | I-GC-MS |
| I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321&EN 14372 | I-GC-MS |
| I-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321&EN 14372 | I-GC-MS |
| I-Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) | 1000ppm | I-IEC 62321&EN 14372 | I-GC-MS |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Phthalate
I-European Commission yakhipha i-Directive 2005/84/EC ngoDisemba 14, 2005, okuyisichibiyelo sama-22 ku-76/769/EEC, inhloso yakho okuwukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwama-phthalates kumathoyizi nemikhiqizo yezingane. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo myalelo kuqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 16, 2007 futhi kwahoxiswa ngoMeyi 31, 2009. Izimfuneko zokulawula ezihambisanayo zifakiwe kokuthi REACH Regulations Restrictions (Annex XVII). Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-phthalates, izinkampani eziningi ezaziwayo zikagesi seziqalile ukulawula ama-phthalates emikhiqizweni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.
Izimfuneko (ngaphambili 2005/84/EC) Umkhawulo
| igama lengqikithi | Umkhawulo | Izindlela Zokuhlola | Testinstrument |
| I-Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) | Ezintweni zepulasitiki kumathoyizi nemikhiqizo yezingane, okuqukethwe kulawa ma-phthalates amathathu akufanele kudlule i-1000ppm. | EN 14372:2004 | I-GC-MS |
| I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) | |||
| I-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP) | |||
| I-Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) | Lawa ma-phthalates amathathu akumele adlule ku-1000ppm ezintweni zepulasitiki ezingase zibekwe emlonyeni kumathoyizi kanye nemikhiqizo yezingane. | ||
| I-Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) | |||
| I-Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) |
Ukuhlolwa kweHalogen
Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-halogen njengezinqamuli zomlilo ezine-halogen, izibulala-zinambuzane ezine-halogen kanye nezibhubhisi zengqimba ye-ozone zizovinjelwa kancane kancane, zenze umkhuba womhlaba wonke wokungabi na-halogen. Izinga lebhodi lesekethe elingenayo i-halogen i-IEC61249-2-21:2003 elakhishwa yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ngo-2003 laze lathuthukisa izinga le-halogen-free lisuka “kumahhala kwezinye izinhlanganisela ze-halogen” kuya “kumahhala we-halogen”. Kamuva, izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ze-IT ezaziwayo (ezifana ne-Apple, i-DELL, i-HP, njll.) zalandela ngokushesha ukuze zenze amazinga azo angenayo i-halogen namashejuli okusebenza. Njengamanje, "imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi engenawo i-halogen" yenze ukuvumelana okubanzi futhi ibe umkhuba ojwayelekile, kepha alikho izwe elikhiphe imithetho ye-halogen-free, futhi amazinga angenayo i-halogen angasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-IEC61249-2-21 noma izidingo zamakhasimende abo.
★ IEC61249-2-21: 2003 Izinga lamabhodi esekethe angenayo i-halogen
Cl≤900ppm, Br≤900ppm, Cl+Br≤1500ppm
Izinga le-halogen-free circuit board IEC61249-2-21: 2003
Cl≤900ppm, Br≤900ppm, Cl+Br≤1500ppm
★ Izinto ezinobungozi obukhulu nge-halogen (ukusetshenziswa kwe-halogen):
Ukusetshenziswa kweHalogen:
Ipulasitiki, i-Flame retardants, Izibulala-zinambuzane, Isiqandisi, I-Reagent ehlanzekile, i-Solvent, i-Pigment, i-Rosin flux, ingxenye ye-Electronic, njll.
★ Indlela yokuhlola ye-Halogen:
I-EN14582/IEC61189-2 Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili: EN14582/IEC61189-2
Ithuluzi lokuhlola: IC (Ion Chromatography)
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanganisela ye-Organostannic
I-European Union yakhipha i-89/677/EEC ngoJulayi 12, 1989, okuyisichibiyelo sesi-8 ku-76/769/EEC, futhi isiyalezo sibeka ukuthi ngeke ithengiswe emakethe njenge-biocide ekuhlanganisweni ngokukhululekile okunqanda ukungcoliswa kwemfucuza futhi izithako zayo zokwakha. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuNhlaba wezi-2009, i-European Union yamukela iSinqumo 2009/425/EC, eqhubeka nokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-organotin. Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Juni 2009, izimfuneko zokukhawulelwa zezinhlanganisela ze-organotin zifakiwe ekulawuleni imithetho ye-REACH.
Imikhawulo yokufinyelela (yasekuqaleni 2009/425/EC) imi kanje
| into | isikhathi | Dinga | ukusetshenziswa okuvinjelwe |
| Izinhlanganisela ze-organotin ezifakwe endaweni ezintathu njenge-TBT, TPT | Kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2010 | Izinhlanganisela ze-organotin ezifakwe esikhundleni ezintathu ezinothayela odlula u-0.1% ngeke zisetshenziswe ezihlokweni. | Izinto okungafanele zisetshenziswe kuzo |
| I-Dibutyltin inhlanganisela ye-DBT | Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2012 | Izinhlanganisela ze-Dibutyltin ezinothayela owedlula u-0.1% ngeke zisetshenziswe ezihlokweni noma ezixubeni. | Akumele isetshenziswe kuma-athikili nezingxube, izicelo ngazinye zelulwe kuze kube nguJanuwari 1, 2015 |
| I-DOTDioctyltin inhlanganisela ye-DOT | Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2012 | Izinhlanganisela ze-Dioctyltin ezinokuqukethwe kwethini okwedlula u-0.1% akufanele zisetshenziswe ezihlokweni ezithile | Izinto ezimboziwe: izindwangu, amagilavu, imikhiqizo yokunakekela izingane, amanabukeni, njll. |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAHs
NgoMeyi 2019, iKomidi Lokuphepha Lomkhiqizo laseJalimane (Der Ausschuss für Produktsicherheit, AfPS) likhiphe izinga elisha lokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwe-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) kusitifiketi se-GS: AfPs GS 2019:01 PAK (izinga elidala lithi: AfPS GS 2014: 01 PAK). Izinga elisha lizosetshenziswa kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi 2020, futhi izinga elidala ngeke livumeleke ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izimfuneko zama-PAH zesitifiketi semaki se-GS (mg/kg)
| iphrojekthi | uhlobo olulodwa | Ikilasi II | izigaba ezintathu |
| Izinto ezingafakwa emlonyeni noma izinto ezithinta isikhumba zezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala | Izinto ezingalawulwa ekilasini, futhi izinto ezithintana njalo nesikhumba futhi isikhathi sokuxhumana sidlula imizuzwana engama-30 (ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nesikhumba) | Izinto ezingafakiwe ezigabeni 1 no-2 futhi okulindeleke ukuthi zithintane nesikhumba imizuzwana engama-30 (ukuxhumana kwesikhashana) | |
| (NAP) Naphthalene (NAP) | <1 | < 2 | < 10 |
| (PHE)Philippines (PHE) | Isamba <1 | Ingqikithi <10 | Ingqikithi <50 |
| (ANT) I-anthracene (ANT) | |||
| (FLT) I-Fluoranthene (FLT) | |||
| I-Pyrene (PYR) | |||
| I-Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Que (CHR) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo(g,h,i)Perylene (BPE) | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo[j]i-fluoranthene | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| I-Benzo[e]pyrene | <0.2 | <0.5 | <1 |
| Isamba sama-PAH | <1 | < 10 | < 50 |
Ukugunyazwa kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwamakhemikhali REACH
I-REACH isifinyezo se-EU Regulation 1907/2006/EC (Ukubhaliswa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa, Nokukhawulelwa Kwamakhemikhali). Igama lesiShayina lithi "Ukubhaliswa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwamakhemikhali", eyethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoJuni 1, 2007. iqala ukusebenza.
Izinto Ezikhathaza Kakhulu I-SVHC:
Izinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu. Kuyitemu elivamile lesigaba esikhulu sezinto eziyingozi ngaphansi komthethonqubo we-REACH. I-SVHC ihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana ne-carcinogenic, i-teratogenic, ubuthi bokuzala, kanye ne-bioaccumulation.
Ukuvinjelwa
I-REACH I-Athikili 67(1) idinga ukuthi izinto ezisohlwini lwe-REACH Annex XVII (ngokwazo, ezixutshwe noma ezihlokweni) akufanele kukhiqizwa, zibekwe emakethe futhi zisetshenziswe ngaphandle uma kuthotshelwa imibandela ekhawulelwe.
Izidingo Zokukhawulelwa
Ngomhla lu-1 kuJuni, 2009, Uhlu Lwemikhawulo ye-REACH (I-Annex XVII) lwaqala ukusebenza, lungena esikhundleni se-76/769/EEC kanye nezichibiyelo zayo eziningi. Kuze kube manje, uhlu olukhawulelwe lwe-REACH luhlanganisa izinto ezingama-64 ezihlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kwe-1,000.
Ngo-2015, i-European Union ishicilele ngokulandelana Imithethonqubo yeKhomishini (EU) No 326/2015, (EU) No 628/2015 kanye (EU) No1494/2015 kugazethi yayo esemthethweni, eqondiswe ku-REACH Regulation (1907/2006/EC) Annex XVII ( Uhlu Lwezivivinyo) lwabuyekezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokuhlonza ama-PAH, imingcele yokuhola nezinhlanganisela zawo, futhi ukhawule izidingo ze-benzene kugesi yemvelo.
I-Appendix XVII ibala imibandela yokusetshenziswa okukhawulelwe kanye nokuqukethwe okukhawulelwe kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezikhawulelwe.
Amaphuzu abalulekile okusebenza
Ukuqonda ngokunembile izindawo ezivinjelwe kanye nemibandela yezinto ezihlukahlukene;
Khipha izingxenye ezihlobene eduze nemboni yakho kanye nemikhiqizo ohlwini olukhulu lwezinto ezikhawulelwe;
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olucebile lobungcweti, hlola izindawo ezinengcuphe ephezulu ezingaqukatha izinto ezikhawulelwe;
Uphenyo lolwazi lwezinto ezinqunyelwe ku-supply chain ludinga amathuluzi okulethwa asebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwazi olunembile nokonga kwezindleko.
Ezinye Izinto Zokuhlola
| igama lengqikithi | Isiqondiso | Okubalulekile engozini | ithuluzi lokuhlola |
| I-Tetrabromobisphenol A | EPA3540C | PCB board, plastic, ABS board, rubber, resin, textile, fibre kanye nephepha, njll. | I-GC-MS |
| I-PVC | JY/T001-1996 | Amashidi ahlukahlukene we-PVC nezinto ze-polymer | I-FT-IR |
| i-asbestos | JY/T001-1996 | Izinto zokwakha, nezigcwalisi zikapende, izithasiselo zokufaka ezishisayo, ukufakwa kwezintambo ngocingo, izihlungi zokuhlunga, izingubo ezingashi, amagilavu e-asbestos, njll. | I-FT-IR |
| ikhabhoni | I-ASTM E 1019 | zonke izinto zokwakha | I-Carbon ne-sulphur analyzer |
| isibabule | Umlotha | zonke izinto zokwakha | I-Carbon ne-sulphur analyzer |
| Azo compounds | I-EN14362-2 & LMBG B 82.02-4 | Izindwangu, amapulasitiki, oyinki, opende, okokunamathela, oyinki, amavarnish, izinto zokunamathisela, njll. | I-GC-MS/HPLC |
| ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo ngokuphelele | Indlela yokuhlaziya okushisayo | zonke izinto zokwakha | I-Headspace-GC-MS |
| i-phosphorus | EPA3052 | zonke izinto zokwakha | I-ICP-AES noma i-UV-Vis |
| I-Nonylphenol | EPA3540C | izinto ezingezona ezensimbi | I-GC-MS |
| iketango elifushane likapharafini ofakwe nge-chlorine | EPA3540C | Ingilazi, izinto zekhebula, amapulasitiki epulasitiki, amafutha okugcoba, izithasiselo zikapende, izinqamuleli zomlilo ezimbonini, ama-anticoagulant, njll. | I-GC-MS |
| izinto ezibhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone | Iqoqo le-Tedlar | Isiqandisi, impahla yokuvikela ukushisa, njll. | I-Headspace-GC-MS |
| I-Pentachlorophenol | I-DIN53313 | Ukhuni, Isikhumba, Izindwangu, Isikhumba Esishukiwe, Iphepha, njll.
| I-GC-ECD |
| i-formaldehyde | ISO17375/ISO14181-1&2/EN120GB/T 18580 | Izindwangu, ama-resin, amafayibha, ama-pigment, odayi, imikhiqizo yezinkuni, imikhiqizo yephepha, njll. | UV-VIS |
| Ama-naphthalenes ane-polychlorinated | EPA3540C | Intambo, izinkuni, uwoyela womshini, ama-electroplating finishing compounds, ukukhiqizwa kwe-capacitor, uwoyela wokuhlola, izinto zokusetshenziswa zemikhiqizo kadayi, njll. | I-GC-MS |
| I-Polychlorinated terphenyls | EPA3540C | Njengesipholisa kuma-transformers nanjengowoyela ovikelayo kuma-capacitor, njll. | GC-MS, GC-ECD |
| Ama-PCB | EPA3540C | Njengesipholisa kuma-transformers nanjengowoyela ovikelayo kuma-capacitor, njll. | GC-MS, GC-ECD |
| Izithako ze-Organotin | ISO17353 | I-ejenti ye-antifouling yomkhumbi, isiqedaphunga sendwangu, i-ejenti yokuqeda i-antimicrobial, isilondolozi somkhiqizo wokhuni, impahla ye-polymer, njenge-PVC synthetic stabilizer intermediate, njll. | I-GC-MS |
| Ezinye izinsimbi zokulandelela | Indlela yangaphakathi & US | zonke izinto zokwakha | I-ICP, AAS, UV-VIS |
Ulwazi lokuvinjelwa kwezinto eziyingozi
| Imithetho nemithethonqubo efanele | Ukulawulwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi |
| I-Packaging Directive 94/62/EC & 2004/12/EC | I-Lead Pb + Cadmium Cd + Mercury Hg + Hexavalent Chromium <100ppm |
| I-US Packaging Directive - TPCH | I-Lead Pb + Cadmium Cd + Mercury Hg + Hexavalent Chromium <100ppmPhthalates <100ppm I-PFAS inqatshelwe (akumele ibonwe) |
| I-Battery Directive 91/157/EEC & 98/101/EEC & 2006/66/EC | I-Mercury Hg <5ppm Cadmium Cd <20ppm Lead Pb <40ppm |
| I-Cadmium Directive FIKA I-Annex XVII | I-Cadmium Cd<100ppm |
| I-Scrap Vehicles Directive 2000/53/EEC | I-Cadmium Cd<100ppm Lead Pb <1000ppmMercury Hg<1000ppm Hexavalent chromium Cr6+<1000ppm |
| I-Phthalates Directive FIKA I-Annex XVII | I-DEHP+DBP+BBP+DIBP ≤0.1wt%;DINP＋DIDP＋DNOP≤0.1wt% |
| I-PAHs Directive FIKA I-Annex XVII | Ithayi kanye nowoyela wokugcwalisa i-BaP < 1 mg/kg ( BaP, BeP, BaA, CHR, BbFA, BjFA, BkFA, DBAHA ) okuqukethwe okuphelele < 10 mg/kg okuqondile kanye nesikhathi eside noma isikhathi esifushane ngokuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwesikhumba noma amapulasitiki Noma iyiphi i-PAH <1mg/kg yezingxenye zenjoloba, noma imaphi ama-PAH angu-<0.5mg/kg wamathoyizi |
| I-Nickel Directive FIKE ku-Annex XVII | Ukukhishwa kwe-nickel <0.5ug/cm/ngeviki |
| I-Dutch Cadmium Ordinance | I-Cadmium ku-pigments kanye nezinzinzisi zikadayi < 100ppm, i-cadmium ku-gypsum < 2ppm, i-cadmium ku-electroplating ayivunyelwe, ne-cadmium ezithombeni ezingezinhle neze nezibani ze-fluorescent azivunyelwe. |
| I-Azo Dyestuffs Directive FIKA I-Annex XVII | <30ppm for 22 carcinogenic azo dyes |
| FINYELELA Isijobelelo XVII | Ikhawulela i-cadmium, i-mercury, i-arsenic, i-nickel, i-pentachlorophenol, i-polychlorinated terphenyls, i-asbestos nezinye izinto eziningi. |
| California Bill 65 | I-Lead <300ppm (yemikhiqizo yezintambo enamathiselwe ezintweni zikagesi ezijwayelekile |
| I-California RoHS | I-Cadmium Cd<100ppm Lead Pb<1000ppmMercury Hg<1000ppm Hexavalent chromium Cr6+<1000ppm |
| Ikhodi Yemithetho Yombuso 16CFR1303 Imikhawulo Kupende Oqukethe Umthofu kanye Nemikhiqizo Ekhiqiziwe | Ukuhola okungu-Pb<90ppm |
| I-JIS C 0950 Uhlelo Lokulebula Into Eyingozi Yemikhiqizo Kagesi kanye Ne-elekthronikhi e-Japan | Ukusetshenziswa okukhawulelwe kwezinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi |
