Isingeniso ku-GPSR

1.Iyini i-GPSR?
I-GPSR isho Umthetho Ojwayelekile Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo wakamuva okhishwe yi-European Commission, okuwumthethonqubo obalulekile wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo emakethe ye-EU. Izoqala ukusebenza ngo-December 13, 2024, futhi i-GPSR izongena esikhundleni se-General Product Safety Directive yamanje kanye ne-Food Lingisa Product Directive.
Ububanzi besicelo: Lo mthethonqubo usebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo engekona ukudla ethengiswa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kanye naku-inthanethi.
2.Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwe-GPSR nemithetho yezokuphepha yangaphambilini?
I-GPSR iwuchungechunge lwezinguquko ezibalulekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-EU General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) yangaphambilini. Mayelana nokuthobela umkhiqizo womuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo, ukulebula komkhiqizo, imibhalo yesitifiketi, namashaneli okuxhumana, i-GPSR yethule izidingo ezintsha, ezinomehluko ophawulekayo ku-GPSD.
1) Ukwenyuka Kwabantu Abanesibopho Sokuthobela Umkhiqizo

I-GPSD: ① Umkhiqizi ② Umsabalalisi ③ Umngenisi ④ Omele Umkhiqizi
GPSR: ① Abakhiqizi, ② Abangenisi, ③ Abasabalalisi, ④ Abameleli Abagunyaziwe, ⑤ Abahlinzeki Besevisi, ⑥ Abahlinzeki Bemakethe Ye-inthanethi, ⑦ Amabhizinisi Ngaphandle Kwabakhi Abenza Ukuguqulwa Okubalulekile Emikhiqizweni [Kungezwe Izinhlobo Ezingu-3]
2) Ukwengezwa kwamalebula omkhiqizo
I-GPSD: ① Umazisi womkhiqizi nolwazi olunemininingwane ② Inombolo yereferensi yomkhiqizo noma inombolo yeqoqo ③ Ulwazi oluyisixwayiso (uma lukhona)
GPSR: ① Uhlobo lomkhiqizo, iqoqo noma inombolo ye-serial ② Igama lomkhiqizi, igama lokuhweba elibhalisiwe noma uphawu lokuhweba ③ Ikheli leposi lomkhiqizi nele-elekthronikhi ④ Ulwazi oluyisixwayiso (uma lukhona) ⑤ Iminyaka efanelekayo yezingane (uma ikhona) 【 Kwengezwe izinhlobo ezi-2 】
3) Imibhalo yobufakazi enemininingwane eyengeziwe
I-GPSD: ① Incwadi yeziqondiso ② Umbiko wokuhlola
GPSR: ① Amadokhumenti okusebenza ② Incwadi yeziqondiso ③ Umbiko wokuhlola 【Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe eyethulwe 】
4) Ukwanda kweziteshi zokuxhumana
GPSD: N/A
I-GPSR: ① Inombolo yocingo ② Ikheli le-imeyili ③ Iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi 【 Ishaneli yokuxhumana engeziwe, ukuxhumana okulula okuthuthukisiwe 】
Njengombhalo olawulayo wokuphepha komkhiqizo e-European Union, i-GPSR igqamisa ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kokulawulwa kokuphepha komkhiqizo e-EU. Kunconywa ukuthi abathengisi babuyekeze ukuthobela umkhiqizo ngokushesha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthengiswa okuvamile.
3.Iziphi izidingo eziyisibopho ze-GPSR?
Ngokuya ngemithetho ye-GPSR, uma u-opharetha ezibandakanya ekuthengisweni okukude ku-inthanethi, kufanele abonise ngokucacile nangokugqamayo ulwazi olulandelayo kuwebhusayithi yakhe:
a. Igama lomkhiqizi, igama lokuhweba elibhalisiwe noma uphawu lokuhweba, kanye nekheli leposi nele-elekthronikhi.
b. Uma umkhiqizi engenalo ikheli le-EU, nikeza igama nolwazi lokuxhumana lomuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo we-EU.
c. Isihlonzi somkhiqizo (njengesithombe, uhlobo, inqwaba, incazelo, inombolo yomkhiqizo).
d. Isexwayiso noma ulwazi lokuphepha.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthengiswa okuthobelana kwemikhiqizo, abathengisi abafanelekile kufanele babhalise umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo we-EU lapho bebeka imikhiqizo yabo emakethe ye-EU futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo iphethe ulwazi oluhlonzayo, okuhlanganisa nalokhu okulandelayo:
①Umuntu Obhalisiwe We-EU
Ngokwemithetho ye-GPSR, wonke umkhiqizo owethulwa emakethe ye-EU kufanele ube nomsebenzisi wezomnotho osungulwe e-EU obhekele imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphepha. Imininingwane yomuntu onesibopho kufanele ikhonjiswe ngokucacile emkhiqizweni noma emaphaketheni awo, noma kumadokhumenti ahambisana nalesi sihloko. Qinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe inganikezwa izikhungo ezigadayo zemakethe njengoba kudingekile, futhi uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle, ingozi, noma ukukhunjulwa kwemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abangaphandle kwe-EU, abameleli abagunyaziwe abavela ku-EU bazoxhumana futhi bazise iziphathimandla ezinekhono.
②Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uqukethe ulwazi olungakhonjwa
Mayelana nokulandeleka, abakhiqizi banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo iphethe ulwazi oluhlonzayo, olufana nenqwaba noma izinombolo ze-serial, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuzibuka kalula futhi bazikhombe. I-GPSR idinga opharetha bezomnotho ukuthi banikeze ulwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo futhi bakhombe abathengi noma abahlinzeki bayo phakathi neminyaka eyi-10 nengu-6 ngemva kokuhlinzekwa, ngokulandelanayo. Ngakho-ke, abathengisi badinga ukuqoqa nokugcina idatha efanele.

Imakethe ye-EU iya ngokuya iqinisa ukubuyekezwa kwayo kokuthobela umkhiqizo, futhi izinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce kancane kancane zibeka phambili izidingo eziqinile zokuthobela umkhiqizo. Abathengisi kufanele bazihlole ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele zokulawula. Uma umkhiqizo utholakala ungahambisani neziphathimandla zendawo emakethe yaseYurophu, kungase kuholele ekukhunjweni komkhiqizo, futhi kudinge ukususwa kohlu lwamagama ukuze kufakwe isikhalazo futhi kuqaliswe kabusha ukuthengisa.