Ithini inombolo ye-CAS?

IInombolo ye-CASinkomba eyaziwa umhlaba wonke yezinto zamakhemikhali. Esikhathini sanamuhla sokwaziswa kwezohwebo kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, izinombolo ze-CAS zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlonzeni izinto zamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi abaningi ngokwengeziwe, abakhiqizi, abahwebi, nabasebenzisi bezinto zamakhemikhali banesidingo sezicelo zenombolo ye-CAS, futhi banethemba lokuqonda okwengeziwe ngenombolo ye-CAS kanye nezicelo zenombolo ye-CAS.
1.Iyini inombolo ye-CAS?
Isizindalwazi se-CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) sigcinwa yi-Chemical Abstracts Society (CAS), inkampani ephethwe yi-American Chemical Society. Iqoqa amakhemikhali avela ezincwadini zesayensi kusukela ngo-1957 futhi iyiqoqo lemininingwane eligunyazwe kunawo wonke lolwazi lwamakhemikhali. Amakhemikhali afakwe kulesi sizindalwazi angalandelelwa emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi izinkulungwane zezinto ezintsha zibuyekezwa nsuku zonke.
Ikhemikhali ngayinye esohlwini inikezwa i-CAS Registry Number (CAS RN) eyingqayizivele, okuyinombolo yokuhlonza egunyaziwe yezinto zamakhemikhali. Cishe zonke izizindalwazi zamakhemikhali zivumela ukutholwa kwezinto kusetshenziswa izinombolo ze-CAS.
Inombolo ye-CAS iyinkomba yenombolo engaqukatha amadijithi angafika kwangu-10 futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ngekhonco. Idijithi engakwesokudla isheke elisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka nokuhluka kwayo yonke inombolo ye-CAS.
2.Kungani ngidinga ukufaka isicelo/ukusesha inombolo ye-CAS?
Izinto zamakhemikhali zingachazwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, njengamafomula amangqamuzana, imidwebo yesakhiwo, amagama esistimu, amagama avamile, noma amagama okuhweba. Nokho, inombolo ye-CAS ihlukile futhi isebenza entweni eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, inombolo ye-CAS iyindinganiso yendawo yonke esetshenziselwa ukunquma izinto zamakhemikhali, okuthenjelwa kukho ososayensi, izimboni, nama-ejensi alawulayo adinga ulwazi olugunyaziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhwebeni kwangempela kwamabhizinisi, kuvame ukudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngenombolo ye-CAS yezinto zamakhemikhali, njengokugcwaliswa kwamakhemikhali angokwezifiso, ukuthengiselana kwamakhemikhali angaphandle, ukubhaliswa kwamakhemikhali (njengesimemezelo se-TSCA e-United States), kanye nesicelo I-INN kanye ne-USAN.
Izinombolo ze-CAS zezinto ezivame kakhulu zingatholakala kuzigcinilwazi ezitholakala esidlangalaleni, kodwa ezintweni ezinokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi noma izinto ezisanda kukhiqizwa, izinombolo zabo ze-CAS zingatholwa kuphela ngokusesha noma ukufaka isicelo ku-American Chemical Abstracts Service.
3. Yiziphi izinto ezingafakwa kwinombolo ye-CAS?
I-CAS Society ihlukanisa cishe izinto ezingafaka izicelo zezinombolo ze-CAS zibe yizigaba ezi-6 ezilandelayo:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxube ayikwazi ukusebenzisa inombolo ye-CAS, kodwa ingxenye ngayinye yengxube ingafaka isicelo senombolo ye-CAS ngokuhlukana.
Izinto ezikhishiwe ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile ze-CAS zifaka: isigaba sezinto, into, into ephilayo, ibhizinisi lezitshalo, negama lohwebo, njengama-amine anephunga elimnandi, i-shampoo, uphayinaphu, ibhodlela lengilazi, inhlanganisela yesiliva, njll.

4.Yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo uma ufaka isicelo/ubuza inombolo ye-CAS?
Ezinhlotsheni ze-6 ezingenhla zezinto, i-CAS Society inikeze izidingo zolwazi oluyisisekelo, futhi iphinde iphakamise ukuthi abafakizicelo banikeze ulwazi lwento enemininingwane nolwazi olufanele olusizayo ngangokunokwenzeka, okusiza i-CAS Society ngokunembile nangempumelelo ukukhomba izinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukugwema izimo zokulungisa, futhi wonge izindleko zesicelo.

5. Isicelo senombolo ye-CAS/inqubo yophenyo
① Inqubo evamile yokufaka/ukubuza izinombolo ze-CAS ithi:
② Umfakisicelo ulungisa izinto ezidingekayo bese ehambisa isicelo
③ Ukubuyekezwa okusemthethweni
④ Ulwazi olungeziwe (uma lukhona)
⑤ Impendulo esemthethweni ngemiphumela yohlelo lokusebenza
⑥ Ukukhishwa okusemthethweni kwe-invoyisi yemali yokuphatha (imvamisa phakathi kwamaviki amabili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesicelo)
⑦ Umfakisicelo ukhokha izimali zokuphatha
Umjikelezo wesicelo/wombuzo: Umjikelezo wempendulo osemthethweni ovamile yizinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-10, kanti umjikelezo wokucubungula ama-oda aphuthumayo yizinsuku ezi-3 zokusebenza. Isikhathi sokulungisa asifakiwe kumjikelezo wokucubungula.
6. Imibuzo evamile mayelana nezinombolo ze-CAS
① Yini okuqukethwe isicelo/imiphumela yombuzo wenombolo ye-CAS?
Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa Inombolo Yokubhalisa Ye-CAS (okungukuthi inombolo ye-CAS) kanye Negama Lenkomba ye-CA (okungukuthi igama le-CAS).
Uma isikhona kakade inombolo ye-CAS ehambisanayo yento esetshenzisiwe, isikhulu sizokwazisa inombolo ye-CAS; Uma into esetshenzisiwe ingenayo inombolo ye-CAS efanayo, inombolo entsha ye-CAS izonikezwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zizofakwa esidlangalaleni kusizindalwazi se-CAS REGISTRY. Uma ufisa ukugcina imininingwane eyimfihlo, ungafaka isicelo segama le-CAS kuphela.
② Ingabe ulwazi lomuntu siqu luyadalulwa phakathi nesicelo/uphenyo lwenombolo ye-CAS?
Cha, akunjalo. Isicelo senombolo ye-CAS/inqubo yophenyo iyimfihlo kakhulu, futhi inkampani ye-CAS inenqubo yokugcinwa kwemfihlo ephelele nehlelekile. Ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe, i-CAS izoxoxa kuphela ngemininingwane nge-oda nomuntu othumela isicelo.
③ Kungani igama lenkomba ye-CA elisemthethweni lingafani ncamashi negama lengqikithi elinikezwe ngumfakisicelo ngokwakhe?
Igama le-CAS yigama elisemthethweni elinikezwa into esekelwe ekuqanjweni kwegama le-CA Index Name, futhi inombolo ngayinye ye-CAS ihambisana negama elijwayelekile neliyingqayizivele le-CAS. Amagama wezinto ahlinzekwe ngumfakisicelo ngezinye izikhathi angase aqanjwe ngokweminye imithetho yokuqamba efana ne-IUPAC, futhi amanye angase angalingani noma angalungile.
Ngakho-ke, igama elihlinzekwe ngumfakisicelo lenzelwe ireferensi kuphela lapho ufaka isicelo/ubuza nge-CAS, futhi igama lokugcina le-CAS kufanele lisekelwe egameni elinikezwe yi-CAS Society. Kunjalo, uma umfakisicelo enemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yesicelo, angaphinde axhumane ne-CAS.
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